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Phagosomal acidification: measurement, manipulation and functional consequences.

B E Steinberg¹, K K Huynh, S Grinstein

¹Cell Biology Programme, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X8.

Biochemical Society Transactions

|October 25, 2007

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Phagosome acidification is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity, enabling pathogen destruction and antigen presentation. This process also regulates phagosome maturation, acting as a timing mechanism for immune cell function.

Area of Science:

* Immunology
* Cellular Biology
* Biochemistry

Background:

* Phagocytosis is essential for innate and adaptive immune responses.
* Pathogen destruction and antigen presentation require phagosome acidification.
* Phagosome acidification involves both pH gradient and electrical potential.

Purpose of the Study:

* To review the mechanisms of phagosome acidification.
* To describe a method for measuring phagosomal membrane electrical potential.
* To discuss the role of acidification in phagosome maturation.

Main Methods:

* Review of existing literature on phagosome acidification.
* Description of an in situ method for measuring phagosomal membrane electrical potential.

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Main Results:

* Acidification is driven by both chemical (pH) gradient and electrical potential.
* A method for in situ measurement of electrical potential is presented.
* Acidification is a critical determinant, not just a consequence, of phagosome maturation.

Conclusions:

* Phagosome acidification is a key regulator of immune responses.
* Luminal acidification acts as a timing device for phagosome maturation.
* Understanding these mechanisms is vital for immune system research.