An inclusive fitness analysis of altruism on a cyclical network

A Grafen1

  • 1Zoology Department, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. alan.grafen@sjc.ox.ac.uk

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Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.
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