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Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae.

I J Leitch1, J M Beaulieu, K Cheung

  • 1Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK. i.leitch@kew.org

Journal of Evolutionary Biology
|October 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome size expansion in Liliaceae plants occurred recently and rapidly, not gradually. Large genomes in this family likely evolved passively, without strong selective pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Most angiosperms have small genomes, but Liliaceae exhibits extreme genome size variation.
  • Enormous genomes (>35 pg) are rare and phylogenetically restricted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the timing and location of genome size expansion in Liliaceae evolution.
  • Determine the mode and tempo of genome size evolution within the family.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of genome size data for 78 Liliaceae species.
  • Mapping genome size evolution onto a phylogenetic tree.

Main Results:

  • Genome size evolution in Liliaceae followed a punctuated, not gradual, pattern.
  • Most genome size diversification occurred recently in the family's history.

Conclusions:

  • Large genome sizes in Liliaceae may have arisen passively.
  • Evolutionary expansion was rapid and recent, rather than slow and ancient.