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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

[Thymic recent output function in patients with B-cell lymphocytic malignancies].

Yang-Qiu Li1, Xiu-Li Wu, Li-Jian Yang

  • 1Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. jnyangqiuli@163.com

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
|October 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a significant decrease in recent thymic output of naive T cells, measured by T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs), in patients with B-cell malignancies. This indicates impaired T-cell function, which does not recover during remission.

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Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.
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Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.

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Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
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Published on: October 8, 2012

A Three-dimensional Thymic Culture System to Generate Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Tumor Antigen-specific Thymic Emigrants
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A Three-dimensional Thymic Culture System to Generate Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Tumor Antigen-specific Thymic Emigrants

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Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.
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Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.

Published on: May 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • B-cell malignancies encompass a range of cancers affecting lymphocytes.
  • Assessing T-cell function is crucial for understanding immune status in cancer patients.
  • Recent thymic output of naive T cells reflects the immune system's regenerative capacity.

Purpose:

  • To quantify recent thymic output in patients with B-cell malignancies.
  • To evaluate T-cell function by measuring T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs).
  • To compare TREC levels across different B-cell malignancy subtypes and with healthy controls.

Summary:

  • Quantitative analysis of TRECs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 61 B-cell malignancy patients (adult B-ALL, childhood B-ALL, B-CLL, B-NHL, MM) and controls was performed using real-time PCR.
  • A dramatic reduction in TREC values was observed in all patient groups compared to normal individuals.
  • TREC levels were significantly lower in adult B-ALL, B-CLL, B-NHL, and MM patients, with childhood B-ALL showing higher levels than adult B-ALL.

Impact:

  • The study concludes that thymic output of naive T cells is significantly decreased in B-cell malignancies, indicating impaired T-cell function.
  • Individual differences in thymic output function are notable.
  • Impaired thymic output function does not recover during complete remission (CR) in these patients, highlighting the need for dynamic TREC level monitoring.