Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
07:51
Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents
Published on: January 12, 2016
Indirect bonding of brackets: don't wait another day!
1Orthodontic Program, International Dental Institute, Montreal.
International Journal of Orthodontics (Milwaukee, Wis.)
|October 26, 2007
Summary
Indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets offers significant clinical advantages over direct bonding due to modern adhesives. This technique improves success rates and is detailed in this review for dental professionals.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Dental Materials Science
Background:
- Indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets is an established technique.
- Recent advancements in dental adhesives have notably improved clinical success rates.
- The advantages of indirect bonding over direct bonding warrant its consideration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the variables associated with indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets.
- To describe successful laboratory and clinical procedures for indirect bonding.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on indirect bonding techniques.
- Description of established laboratory protocols.
- Outline of clinical application procedures.
Main Results:
- Modern adhesives enhance the reliability and success of indirect bonding.
- The technique offers numerous advantages compared to direct bonding.
- Validated procedures exist for both laboratory and clinical settings.
Conclusions:
- Indirect bonding, enhanced by new adhesives, presents a viable and successful alternative to direct bonding.
- Clinicians can benefit from understanding and implementing these procedures.
- The technique has demonstrated consistent success in numerous dental practices.
Related Concept Videos
02:32Bonding in Metals
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
01:12Bonding and Strength of Aggregate
The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
02:48Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
02:45Valence Bond Theory
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
02:42Valence Bond Theory
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
01:24ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...