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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
[Gynecomastia, its etiologies and its surgical management: a difference between the bilateral and unilateral cases?]
F M P Leclère1, M Spies, A Gohritz
1Klinik für Plastische, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Niedersachsen, Allemagne. Leclere.Franck-Marie@MH-Hannover.DE
Abstract:
Numerous excision and liposuction techniques have been described to correct bilateral male breast enlargement. Yet little attention has been directed towards the rare cases of unilateral gynecomastia which have frequently been suspected to be malignant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of surgical gynecomastia management and the roles of different treatment modalities in a large patient cohort with special attention to etiology, treatment and outcome in the cases of unilateral involvement.
