Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Randomized phase 2b dose-escalation trial of stem cell therapy with laromestrocel for aging frailty.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same author

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy with laromestrocel in mild Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled phase 2a trial.

Nature medicine·2025
Same author

Role of intracortical neuropil growth in the gyrification of the primate cerebral cortex.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022
Same author

Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates.

Cell reports·2020
Same author

Gliogenesis in the outer subventricular zone promotes enlargement and gyrification of the primate cerebrum.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2019
Same author

A model of neocortical area patterning in the lissencephalic mouse may hold for larger gyrencephalic brains.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

Patterning the dorsal telencephalon: a role for sonic hedgehog?

Brian G Rash1, Elizabeth A Grove

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is not essential for separating brain hemispheres, but fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) and Gli3 play critical roles in forebrain development and cortical patterning.

More Related Videos

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
07:26

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord
12:23

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Published on: May 25, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
07:26

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord
12:23

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Published on: May 25, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Forebrain development involves telencephalic vesicle division and cerebral cortex specification.
  • Sonic hedgehog (Shh), fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs), and Gli3 are key signaling molecules.
  • Gli3 repressor form (Gli3R) antagonizes Shh and downregulates Fgf genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the interplay of Shh, Fgfs, and Gli3 in forebrain development.
  • Clarify the roles of these factors in telencephalic hemisphere separation and cortical patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models with genetic modifications (Shh, Gli3 knockouts).
  • Analyzed gene expression patterns (Shh, Fgfs, Gli3R).
  • Examined telencephalic morphology and cortical development.

Main Results:

  • Shh is not required for dorsal hemisphere separation; mice lacking Shh form hemispheres.
  • Loss of Shh leads to reduced rostral Fgf expression and impaired hemisphere division.
  • Gli3 deficiency causes arrested cortical development and ventral gene invasion.
  • Fgf signaling, independent of Shh, suppresses cortical fate in Gli3-null mice.

Conclusions:

  • Shh is not a primary driver of dorsal telencephalic patterning.
  • Fgf signaling and Gli3 repression are crucial for corticogenesis.
  • Findings suggest Fgf signaling suppresses cortical fate in the absence of Gli3.