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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2022

Windows for small-angle X-ray scattering cryostats.

Laurence Lurio¹, Norbert Mulders, Mark Paetkau

¹Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL 60115, USA. llurio@niu.edu

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

|October 26, 2007

Summary

Researchers evaluated common window materials for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Freshly cleaved mica showed the least scattering, while aluminized Mylar is best for blocking infrared and visible light.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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Published on: May 27, 2022

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Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution

Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution

Published on: January 8, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
X-ray Scattering Techniques

Background:

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) requires specialized windows for sample containment.
Window material selection impacts scattering data quality and experimental feasibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the suitability of various window materials for SAXS experiments.
To quantify scattering properties of common window materials at low wavevector transfers.

Main Methods:

Investigated scattering from Kapton, Mylar, aluminized Mylar, beryllium, aluminum foil, mica, and silicon nitride.
Measured scattering intensity as a function of wavevector transfer (Q) from 2 x 10(-3) to 0.2 nm(-1).

Main Results:

Kapton, mica, and beryllium scattering followed power laws in Q.
Freshly cleaved natural mica exhibited the weakest scattering among all tested materials.
Aluminized Mylar demonstrated optimal performance for blocking infrared and visible radiation.

Conclusions:

Mica, particularly freshly cleaved natural mica, is a highly suitable window material for SAXS due to low scattering.
Aluminized Mylar is recommended for applications requiring infrared and visible light blocking.
Kapton and Mylar offer practical solutions for creating demountable superfluid-tight windows.