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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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No description available
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Polymer-driven crystallization.

Sehat Nauli1, Saman Farr, Yueh-Jung Lee

  • 1UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1570, USA.

Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society
|October 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A novel protein crystallization method uses a polymerizing protein module to drive crystal formation. This approach successfully crystallized 11 soluble proteins, including previously intractable targets, and shows potential for membrane protein crystallization.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Protein crystallization
  • Biophysical techniques

Background:

  • Macromolecular crystallography is crucial for determining protein structures.
  • A major bottleneck in structural biology is obtaining well-diffracting crystals.
  • Existing crystallization methods face limitations for certain protein targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new protein crystallization strategy.
  • To engineer a polymerizing protein module to facilitate crystal formation.
  • To assess the utility of this method for soluble and membrane proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Fusion of crystallization targets to a polymerizing protein module (2TEL).
  • The 2TEL module, comprising two tandem sterile alpha motif (SAM) domains from Ets leukemia (TEL), polymerizes upon pH reduction.
  • Crystallization trials were performed with various soluble proteins and detergents.

Main Results:

  • The 2TEL fusion approach successfully induced crystallization in 11 soluble proteins.
  • Three proteins that previously resisted crystallization were successfully crystallized using this method.
  • The 2TEL module's ability to crystallize in the presence of detergents suggests potential for membrane protein crystallization.
  • Crystal structures revealed that the TELSAM polymer forms the majority of crystal lattice contacts.

Conclusions:

  • Biological polymers can be engineered as effective crystallization modules.
  • This novel approach enhances the success rate of protein crystallization, particularly for challenging targets.
  • The method holds promise for advancing structural determination of both soluble and membrane proteins.