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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
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Immunosuppression by embryonic stem cells.

Cody A Koch1, Pedro Geraldes, Jeffrey L Platt

  • 1Transplantation Biology Program and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|October 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic stem cells can engraft across genetic barriers by suppressing immune responses. These cells inhibit T-cell proliferation and antigen-presenting cell maturation, facilitating successful transplantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differ genetically from recipients, posing transplantation challenges.
  • Understanding engraftment barriers is crucial for ESC-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the barriers to embryonic stem cell engraftment.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying successful ESC engraftment across allogeneic barriers.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing teratoma formation as a measure of ESC engraftment in mice.
  • Evaluating the generation of immunological memory in engrafted cells.
  • Measuring ESCs' effects on T-cell proliferation and antigen-presenting cell maturation.

Main Results:

  • Semiallogeneic and allogeneic ESCs engrafted successfully in mice with sufficient cell numbers.
  • Unsuccessful engraftment led to immunological memory, while successful engraftment did not.
  • ESCs reversibly inhibited T-cell proliferation and antigen-presenting cell maturation in a dose-dependent manner, partly via transforming growth factor-beta production.

Conclusions:

  • Murine ESCs exert local immunosuppression, enabling engraftment across allogeneic barriers.
  • ESCs possess inherent properties that can overcome immune rejection in transplantation settings.