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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Gradient-recalled echo sequences in direct shoulder MR arthrography for evaluating the labrum.

Marc J Lee1, Kambiz Motamedi, Kira Chow

  • 1Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 165-59, Box 956952, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Skeletal Radiology
|October 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Fat-suppressed gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences show higher sensitivity for detecting shoulder labral tears compared to conventional T1-weighted (T1W) sequences. GRE may improve visualization of smaller tears in MR arthrography.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Orthopedic Imaging
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging

Background:

  • Shoulder labral tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction.
  • Accurate diagnosis of labral tears is crucial for effective treatment planning.
  • Conventional spin echo T1-weighted (T1W) sequences have limitations in depicting subtle labral pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic utility of fat-suppressed gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences versus conventional T1W sequences.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of these sequences in direct shoulder MR arthrography for labral tear detection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 31 shoulder MR arthrograms with surgical correlation.
  • Musculoskeletal radiologists analyzed paired coronal oblique and axial T1W or GRE sequences.

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  • Interpretations were correlated with operative reports to determine diagnostic accuracy.

    • Main Results:

    • Gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences detected labral tears in 22 out of 25 surgically confirmed cases (88% sensitivity).
    • T1W images detected tears in 16 cases (64% sensitivity).
    • GRE demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity for posterior labral tears (75% vs 25%) and a trend for anterior tears (78% vs 56%).

    Conclusions:

    • Fat-suppressed GRE sequences are more sensitive than T1W sequences for detecting anterior and posterior labral tears.
    • GRE sequences may serve as an adjunctive tool to improve the depiction of labral tears, especially smaller ones.
    • While GRE shows higher sensitivity, its specificity is lower, suggesting its use as a supplementary sequence in MR arthrography protocols.