Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions
Published on: January 7, 2019
Source apportionment of PM(10) and PM(2.5) using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance in Izmir,
Sinan Yatkin1, Abdurrahman Bayram
1Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kaynaklar Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey. sinan.yatkin@deu.edu.tr
Abstract:
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) fractions (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) were sampled concurrently between June 2004 and May 2005 at two sites (urban and suburban) in Izmir, Turkey. The elemental composition of PM (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. Elemental compositions of several PM sources were also characterized. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and chemical mass balance modeling (CMB) were applied to determine the PM sources and their contributions to air concentrations. The major contributors to PM were fossil fuel burning, traffic emissions, mineral industries and marine salt according to the PMF results. However, undetermined parts were more than 40%. On the other hand, the contributions to PM could be determined completely by CMB, and the dominant contributor was traffic with >70% at the two sites. Fossil fuel burning, mineral industries, marine salt and natural gas-fired power plant were the minor contributors.
Insights
Traffic emissions were the dominant source of particulate matter (PM) pollution in Izmir, Turkey, accounting for over 70% of air concentrations. Other minor contributors included fossil fuel burning and industrial activities.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Atmospheric Chemistry
- Air Quality Monitoring
Background:
- Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) poses significant environmental and health risks.
- Understanding PM sources is crucial for effective air quality management.
- Izmir, Turkey, experiences varying levels of air pollution due to its urban and suburban settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and quantify the sources contributing to PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Izmir.
- To compare the effectiveness of different source apportionment models.
Main Methods:
- Concurrent sampling of PM10 and PM2.5 from June 2004 to May 2005 at urban and suburban sites.
- Elemental composition analysis using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.
- Application of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) modeling.
Main Results:
- PMF identified fossil fuel burning, traffic, mineral industries, and marine salt as major contributors, but with over 40% undetermined sources.
- CMB modeling successfully apportioned all PM contributions, identifying traffic as the dominant source (>70%) at both sites.
- Minor contributors identified by CMB included fossil fuel burning, mineral industries, marine salt, and a natural gas-fired power plant.
Conclusions:
- Traffic emissions are the primary source of particulate matter pollution in Izmir.
- CMB modeling provided a more complete source apportionment compared to PMF in this study.
- Effective air quality strategies in Izmir should prioritize traffic emission control.
More Related Videos
09:33Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
Published on: December 23, 2022
13:29Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor
Published on: December 15, 2018