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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing over01:34

Crossing over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

Crossover interference underlies sex differences in recombination rates.

Petko M Petkov1, Karl W Broman, Jin P Szatkiewicz

  • 1Center for Genome Dynamics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. Petko.Petkov@jax.org

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|October 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sex differences in recombination rates are linked to chromosome compaction during meiosis. In mice, females have shorter genomic interference distances than males, despite similar bivalent lengths, reflecting differences in chromosome structure.

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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

Published on: July 18, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
09:24

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Recombination rates during meiosis often vary between sexes in many organisms.
  • Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific differences is crucial for reproductive biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of differing recombination rates between male and female mice.
  • To propose a model explaining sex-specific genomic interference distances.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of genomic interference distances in male and female mice.
  • Measurement of interference distance in megabases (Mb) and bivalent length.
  • Development of a theoretical model based on chromosome compaction.

Main Results:

  • Genomic interference distance is shorter in female mice compared to male mice (measured in Mb).
  • The interference distance is equivalent when considered in terms of bivalent length.
  • Chromosome compaction at the pachytene stage of meiosis differs between sexes.

Conclusions:

  • The observed sex differences in recombination rates are attributed to variations in genomic interference distance.
  • Chromosome compaction during pachytene meiosis is a key factor influencing sex-specific interference distances.
  • A model is proposed where differential chromosome compaction explains sex-specific recombination patterns.