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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
08:31

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

Published on: February 5, 2021

Building blocks for plant gene assembly.

Mansour Karimi1, Annick Bleys, Rudy Vanderhaeghen

  • 1Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium.

Plant Physiology
|October 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a standardized Gateway cloning system collection for assembling plant DNA fragments. This resource simplifies creating recombinant genes for functional analysis, enabling efficient plant transformation vector construction.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Biotechnology

Background:

  • The MultiSite Gateway cloning system facilitates site-specific recombination for assembling DNA fragments.
  • Efficient construction of recombinant genes is crucial for plant functional analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To streamline the creation of plant transformation vectors using the MultiSite Gateway system.
  • To develop a standardized collection of Gateway entry clones for plant gene assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a collection of 36 reference Gateway entry clones with promoters, terminators, reporter genes, and two-component system elements.
  • Engineered vectors for simultaneous cloning of two or three genes using MultiSite Gateway recombination sites.
  • Generated and tested transgenes encoding fluorescent proteins in plant cells.

Main Results:

  • Created a standardized, interchangeable, and well-documented set of genetic elements for plant gene construction.
  • Demonstrated the flexibility of the system by generating various plant transformation vectors.
  • Successfully tested the activity of fluorescent protein transgenes in plant cells.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Gateway cloning system collection significantly simplifies and standardizes the construction of recombinant genes for plant functional studies.
  • This resource provides a flexible platform for generating diverse plant transformation vectors, accelerating research in plant biotechnology.