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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Regulatory pathways in inflammation.

Alberto Mantovani1, Cecilia Garlanda2, Massimo Locati1

  • 1Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Institute of Pathology, University of Milan, Italy.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|October 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Non-signaling receptors, like D6, act as decoys to regulate inflammatory responses by binding and degrading proinflammatory cytokines. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and dampening tissue inflammation.

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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Inflammatory reactions are vital for homeostasis and pathology, requiring precise regulation.
  • Non-signaling receptors, including IL-1/TLR and chemokine receptors, emerge as key negative regulators.
  • These receptors compete with signaling counterparts for ligand binding, promoting ligand internalization and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of non-signaling receptors in regulating inflammatory responses.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which these receptors dampen inflammation and tune immune cell activity.
  • To characterize the function of D6, a representative 'silent' chemokine receptor.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays to study receptor-ligand interactions.
  • In vivo studies using gene-targeted mouse models.
  • Analysis of chemokine binding specificity and cellular trafficking of D6.

Main Results:

  • Non-signaling receptors, such as D6, effectively bind and internalize inflammatory chemokines.
  • D6 demonstrates ligand-independent shuttling from the plasma membrane to endocytic compartments for chemokine degradation.
  • Gene-targeted mice studies confirm the non-redundant role of these receptors in reducing tissue inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Non-signaling receptors function as decoy and scavenger molecules to control inflammatory processes.
  • These receptors possess unique features enabling them to dampen inflammation and modulate lymph node reactivity.
  • The findings highlight a critical mechanism for regulating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis.