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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Fluency remediation in dyslexic children: does age make a difference?

Patrizio E Tressoldi1, Maria Luisa Lorusso, Federica Brenbati

  • 1Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy. patrizio.tressoldi@unipd.it

Dyslexia (Chichester, England)
|October 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older children with dyslexia can achieve similar reading gains as younger peers through targeted interventions. This suggests that remediation for dyslexia is effective regardless of age, offering hope for reading improvement at any stage.

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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Dyslexia impacts reading fluency and accuracy.
  • Age-related differences in remediation outcomes for dyslexia are not fully understood.
  • Previous research suggests early intervention is crucial, but later intervention effectiveness requires further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of two dyslexia remediation approaches (Balance model and sublexical treatment) on reading fluency and accuracy in younger (3rd-4th grade) versus older (6th-8th grade) dyslexic children.
  • To determine if older dyslexic children achieve fewer gains compared to younger dyslexic children.
  • To investigate the potential for later intervention in dyslexia.

Main Methods:

  • Two groups of dyslexic children (younger: 3rd-4th grade; older: 6th-8th grade) received either the Balance model or a sublexical treatment.
  • Pre- and post-treatment assessments measured changes in reading accuracy and fluency.
  • Statistical analyses compared the gains between the age groups within each treatment.

Main Results:

  • The younger group in the sublexical treatment showed a statistically significant improvement in word reading accuracy compared to the older group.
  • No other significant differences in accuracy or fluency gains were found between the age groups across both treatments.
  • Older dyslexic children demonstrated comparable gains to younger peers in most measures.

Conclusions:

  • Older children with dyslexia can achieve significant improvements in reading accuracy and fluency through specific remediation.
  • The findings challenge the notion that intervention effectiveness diminishes significantly with age for dyslexia.
  • It is never too late to implement effective reading remediation strategies for dyslexic individuals.