Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Orphan Cytochromes P450 as Possible Pharmacological Targets or Biomarkers in Breast Cancer.

Current issues in molecular biology·2025
Same author

Breast Cancer Cytochromes P450: Chemopreventive and/or Therapeutic Targets for Naturally Occurring Phytochemicals.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Oncology pharmacy education for pharmacy students - should it be improved?

Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology·2025
Same author

The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Crosstalk: A Chemopreventive Target of Naturally Occurring and Modified Phytochemicals.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

From single DNA adducts measurement to DNA adductomics in molecular epidemiology of cancer.

Postepy biochemii·2024
Same author

Tannins in cancer prevention and therapy.

British journal of pharmacology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

[RasGRP proteins--Ras-activating factors].

Mateusz Szamałek1, Wanda Baer-Dubowska

  • 1Katedra Biochemii Farmaceutycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego, Poznań.

Postepy Biochemii
|November 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

RasGRP proteins, a novel class of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), activate Ras and Rap proteins. These factors are crucial in cell signaling, immune responses, and are implicated in neoplastic transformation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • Ras proteins are key regulators of cellular processes, controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTP-ase activating proteins (GAPs).
  • A new family of Ras-activating GEFs, known as RasGRP (Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Protein) or CalDAG-GEF, has been identified.
  • RasGRPs possess a C1 domain enabling binding to diacylglycerol (DAG) and DAG analogs like phorbol esters, mediating their activation.

Purpose:

  • To review the structure and function of RasGRP proteins.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of RasGRP-mediated activation of Ras and Rap proteins.
  • To describe the role of RasGRP proteins in various cellular functions and neoplastic transformation.

Summary:

  • RasGRPs activate Ras and Rap proteins by facilitating guanine nucleotide exchange upon ligand binding.

More Related Videos

Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein (GST-RhoA(G17A)) from Epithelial Cell Lysates
11:28

Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein (GST-RhoA(G17A)) from Epithelial Cell Lysates

Published on: March 31, 2012

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells
10:12

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Published on: May 21, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein (GST-RhoA(G17A)) from Epithelial Cell Lysates
11:28

Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein (GST-RhoA(G17A)) from Epithelial Cell Lysates

Published on: March 31, 2012

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells
10:12

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Published on: May 21, 2014

  • Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) terminates RasGRP signaling by phosphorylating DAG.
  • RasGRPs are involved in T-cell maturation, B-cell responses, platelet aggregation, mast cell activity, and cancer development.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding RasGRP function provides insights into diverse cellular signaling pathways.
    • RasGRPs represent potential therapeutic targets for immune disorders and neoplastic diseases.
    • This review consolidates current knowledge on RasGRPs, highlighting their broad biological significance.