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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin homology) domains...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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Published on: June 24, 2018

[Annexin in mineralization process].

Anna Sekrecka1, Marcin Balcerzak, Cyril Thouverey

  • 1Zakład Biochemii Komórki, Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej PAN im. Marcelego Nenckiego, Warszawa.

Postepy Biochemii
|November 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Annexins are crucial for mineralization, regulating cells and forming mineral phases. This review explores their structure-function relationships in these processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Biomineralization

Context:

  • Annexins are proteins involved in various cellular functions.
  • Mineralization is a critical biological process involving mineral deposition.
  • Extracellular matrix formation is essential for tissue development and integrity.

Purpose:

  • To review the diverse roles of annexins in the mineralization process.
  • To elucidate the structure-function relationships of annexins in biomineralization.
  • To highlight annexins' involvement in regulating mineralization-competent cells and mineral phase formation.

Summary:

  • Annexins play a vital role in mineralization by regulating cells and directly contributing to mineral phase formation in the extracellular matrix.
  • Their functions are linked to their ability to bind to biological membranes in a calcium-dependent and independent manner.
  • This review focuses on the structure-function aspects of annexins within the context of mineralization.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of biomineralization.
  • Identifies potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving abnormal mineralization.
  • Enhances understanding of annexin protein family's versatility in biological processes.