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Leaching of VOCs from cement-based stabilized/solidified refinery oily sludge using solid phase microextraction.

A K Karamalidis¹, E A Voudrias

¹Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, GR 671 00 Xanthi, Greece.

Environmental Technology

|November 1, 2007

Summary

Cement stabilization effectively reduces volatile organic compound leaching from oily sludge, with reductions up to 98%. However, naphthalene leaching increased significantly after stabilization.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Waste Management
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Refinery oily sludge poses environmental risks due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Cement-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) is a common method for hazardous waste treatment.
Understanding VOC leaching behavior is crucial for effective sludge management.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of cement-based S/S in immobilizing VOCs from refinery oily sludge.
To investigate the leaching behavior of specific VOCs (toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, naphthalene) after S/S.
To compare the performance of Portland cement (I42.5) and Blended cement (II42.5).

Main Methods:

Cement-based stabilization/solidification using I42.5 and II42.5 cements.
Zero Headspace Extraction (ZHE) for sample preparation.
Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) for VOC analysis in aqueous leachates.

Main Results:

Cement S/S significantly reduced the leaching of toluene, o-xylene, p,m-xylene, and ethylbenzene by 80-98% at 10% cement addition.
Both I42.5 (Portland) and II42.5 (Blended) cements showed comparable immobilizing characteristics.
Naphthalene leaching increased more than threefold in stabilized/solidified samples compared to untreated sludge.
Leaching generally increased with higher cement addition percentages.

Conclusions:

Cement-based S/S is highly effective in reducing the leaching of most target VOCs from refinery oily sludge.
Portland and Blended cements exhibit similar performance in immobilizing these VOCs.
The increased leaching of naphthalene requires further investigation and may necessitate alternative treatment strategies or specific cement formulations.