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Productivity costs associated with cardiometabolic risk factor clusters in the United States
Patrick W Sullivan1, Vahram Ghushchyan, Holly R Wyatt
1University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research Program, School of Pharmacy, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, C238, Denver, CO 80262, USA. patrick.sullivan@uchsc.edu
Insights
Cardiometabolic risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension significantly increase missed work and bed days, costing the US economy billions annually in lost productivity.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Economics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiometabolic risk factors (overweight/obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension) often cluster, increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
- Understanding the economic impact of these clusters on productivity is crucial for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the impact of cardiometabolic risk factor clusters on work absenteeism and bed disability days.
- To assess the economic burden of lost productivity attributable to these clusters in US adults.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of a nationally representative, pooled sample (2000-2002) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
- Defined cardiometabolic risk factor clusters as BMI ≥ 25 plus at least two of: diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or hypertension.
- Controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity, and smoking status.
Main Results:
- Individuals with cardiometabolic risk factor clusters missed 179% more work days and spent 147% more days in bed.
- Annual lost productivity costs due to these clusters were estimated at $17.3 billion.
- Sensitivity analyses showed a range of annual costs from $3.2 to $23.1 billion.
Conclusions:
- Common cardiometabolic risk factor clusters significantly impair productivity.
- These clusters impose a substantial economic burden on the United States, highlighting the need for effective management strategies.
Objective:
Cardiometabolic risk factors such as overweight/obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension are prone to cluster together in the same individual and result in an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine and quantify the impact of cardiometabolic risk factor clusters independent of heart disease on productivity in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
Methods:
The current study estimated the impact of cardiometabolic risk factor clusters on missed work days and bed days, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity, and smoking status in a nationally representative, pooled 2000 and 2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey sample. Cardiometabolic risk factor clusters included BMI >or= 25 and two of the following three: diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and/or hypertension. All estimates were expressedin $US 2005. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of varying assumptions on the results.
Results:
After controlling for differences in sociodemographics, smoking and comorbidity, individuals with cardiometabolic risk factor clusters missed 179% more work days and spent 147% more days in bed (in addition to lost work days) than those without. Lost work days and bed days resulted in $17.3 billion annually in lost productivity attributable to cardiometabolic risk factor clusters in the United States. Sensitivity analyses resulted in a range of annual lost productivity costs from $3.2 to $23.1 billion.
Conclusions:
Common cardiometabolic risk factor clusters have a significant deleterious impact on the US economy, resulting in $17.3 billion in lost productivity.
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