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Prevention of cancer through immunization: Prospects and challenges for the 21st century

Ian H Frazer1, Doug R Lowy, John T Schiller

  • 1Diamantina Institute for Cancer Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia. i.frazer@uq.edu.au

European Journal of Immunology
|November 1, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Infection control, including vaccination, is key to reducing the global cancer burden. New vaccine technologies and improved access are needed to prevent infection-related cancers like cervical and liver cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Microbial infections are linked to at least 15% of global cancers, including liver, stomach, and cervical cancers.
  • Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause nearly all cervical cancers, highlighting the potential of vaccines in cancer prevention.
  • Existing vaccines target HPV and hepatitis B virus (HBV), but broader vaccine development is needed for other infection-related cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of infection control in reducing the global cancer burden.
  • To discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing and deploying cancer-preventive vaccines.
  • To emphasize the need for new vaccine technologies and improved accessibility, especially in developing nations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbial agents linked to cancer.
  • Analysis of current vaccine technologies for cancer prevention.
  • Examination of deployment strategies for HPV and HBV vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Persistent microbial infections contribute significantly to the global cancer incidence.
  • Vaccines against HPV and HBV are available but require enhanced deployment strategies.
  • Development of novel vaccines is necessary for preventing cancers caused by agents like hepatitis C virus, Helicobacter pylori, and Epstein-Barr virus.

Conclusions:

  • Infection control through vaccination is a critical strategy for global cancer reduction.
  • Addressing vaccine accessibility and affordability is paramount, particularly in underserved regions.
  • Continued research into novel vaccine technologies is essential to combat a wider range of infection-related cancers.

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