Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Serial Position Effect01:03

Serial Position Effect

The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Mnemonic Devices01:23

Mnemonic Devices

Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
Acronyms
Acronyms are created by using the initial letters of a series of words to form a new word or phrase. This approach condenses complex information into a single, memorable entity. For example,...
False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preserved Barrier Integrity and Altered Immune Profiles in Chronic Cannabis Users: Potential Roles of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cocaine-Enriched Oral <i>Streptococcus parasanguinis</i> Promotes Neuroimmune Dysfunction and Memory Impairment.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Longitudinal Analysis of Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mice Using PET Imaging and Western Blot Analysis.

Cannabis and cannabinoid research·2026
Same author

HIV-1 Tat expression drives progressive synaptic decline: evidence from longitudinal [<sup>11</sup>C]-UCB-J PET imaging.

NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Physiological Processing of Everyday Aversive Mental Imagery.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Editorial: Nanomedicine targeting central nervous system.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Shape effects on memory for location.

Douglas H Wedell1, Sylvia Fitting, Gary L Allen

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA. wedell@sc.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shapes influence spatial estimation bias by altering the spacing of spatial category prototypes. This viewer-based spatial representation, using four quadrants, remained consistent across different shapes.

More Related Videos

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze
08:31

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze

Published on: October 28, 2015

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze
08:31

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze

Published on: October 28, 2015

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Spatial Cognition
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Spatial estimation tasks are crucial for understanding visual perception and memory.
  • The influence of contextual factors, such as surrounding shapes, on spatial accuracy is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how surrounding shapes affect spatial estimation bias in a dot localization task.
  • To model the underlying mechanisms of spatial bias using a prototype weighting framework.

Main Methods:

  • Forty students performed a dot localization task with varying surrounding shapes (ellipses, polygons).
  • Stimuli included 32 dot locations presented sequentially with a short delay.
  • Data were analyzed using a computational model based on spatial category prototypes.

Main Results:

  • Task field elongation induced predictable bias along that axis, irrespective of shape.
  • Shape influenced the spacing of spatial prototypes but not their quantity.
  • Bias patterns were consistent across different geometric shapes.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial estimation bias is linked to the weighting of viewer-based spatial category prototypes.
  • The viewer-based frame of reference, with four quadrants, explains the observed biases.
  • Shape modulates prototype spacing, contributing to estimation biases in spatial tasks.