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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem cells: from markers to market.

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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold promise for regenerative medicine but face safety challenges. Identifying epigenomic signatures is crucial for safe hESC use in cell replacement therapies (CRTs).

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are vital for tissue regeneration but their clinical application is limited.
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) present safety concerns related to culture conditions and epigenetic alterations.
  • Understanding the epigenomic signature is critical for hESC derivation and maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of epigenomic signatures in hESC derivation and maintenance.
  • To identify key epigenetic markers for evaluating hESC safety in cell replacement therapies (CRTs).
  • To present a comprehensive list of stemness signature genes and lineage-specific markers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hESC epigenomics.
  • Identification and compilation of critical epigenetic markers.
  • Analysis of stemness and lineage differentiation marker genes.

Main Results:

  • Epigenomic signatures are essential for hESC pluripotency and differentiation.
  • Specific epigenetic markers are proposed for safety evaluation in hESC-based CRTs.
  • A comprehensive list of stemness and lineage markers is provided.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into epigenetic markers is necessary to ensure the safety of hESC-based CRTs.
  • Understanding these markers will advance hESC research from the laboratory to clinical application.
  • HESC potential in regenerative medicine requires significant effort to be fully realized.