Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

The evidence for using conjugate vaccines to protect HIV-infected children against pneumococcal disease

Sandra J Bliss1, Katherine L O'Brien, Edward N Janoff

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. sandrajbliss@yahoo.com

The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
|November 3, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) offer significant protection against serious pneumococcal infections in infants with HIV. Vaccination also benefits HIV-infected adults indirectly by reducing disease spread in the community.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • HIV-infected children face a substantially higher risk of severe pneumococcal infections.
  • Pneumococcal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected children.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in this group.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of available data on pneumococcal disease epidemiology.
  • Analysis of clinical trial and observational data on PCV safety and effectiveness in HIV-infected children.

Main Results:

  • PCVs cover most serotypes responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in HIV-infected individuals.
  • PCVs demonstrate substantial efficacy in preventing IPD and pneumonia in HIV-infected infants.
  • Community vaccination of children provides indirect protection to HIV-infected adults.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are a crucial intervention for improving health outcomes in HIV-infected children.
  • Widespread PCV use contributes to reducing the burden of pneumococcal disease in both vaccinated children and the wider community.

More Related Videos

Opsonophagocytic Killing Assay to Assess Immunological Responses Against Bacterial Pathogens08:47

Opsonophagocytic Killing Assay to Assess Immunological Responses Against Bacterial Pathogens

Published on: April 5, 2019

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay09:20

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

Published on: April 28, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.