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Riboswitches

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Tomato Root Transformation Followed by Inoculation with Ralstonia Solanacearum for Straightforward Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Wilt Disease

Tomato Root Transformation Followed by Inoculation with Ralstonia Solanacearum for Straightforward Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Wilt Disease

Published on: March 11, 2020

WITHDRAWN: Small RNAs in tomato fruit and leaf development.

Asuka Itaya¹, Ralf Bundschuh, Anthony J Archual

¹Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta

|November 3, 2007

Summary

This article is a duplicate and has been withdrawn. It should not be cited as it has been retracted due to duplication with a previously published paper.

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Tomato Root Transformation Followed by Inoculation with Ralstonia Solanacearum for Straightforward Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Wilt Disease

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Biophysics

Background:

This manuscript is an accidental duplication of a previously published article.
The original article was published in Biochem. Biophys. Acta.

Purpose of the Study:

To inform readers and the scientific community about the duplication.
To officially withdraw the duplicate publication.

Main Methods:

Article identification and comparison.
Publisher's retraction protocol.

Main Results:

The article was identified as a duplicate publication.
The article has been withdrawn by the publisher.

Conclusions:

This article is retracted and should not be referenced.
Readers should refer to the original publication in Biochem. Biophys. Acta.