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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats
Published on: June 22, 2017
Basal ganglia physiology and pathophysiology: a reappraisal
1Department of Neurology, National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. montgomery@neurology.wisc.edu
Abstract:
Current theories of basal ganglia (BG) function based on suppression of activity in the ventrolateral thalamic-cortical circuits by the globus pallidus internal segment are inconsistent with accumulating evidence, demonstrating the need for reconsideration. Changes in busting, oscillatory and synchronous neuronal activities have been indicted as pathophyisological mechanisms but they are unaccompanied by any mechanistic explanatory theory and rely on the same basic assumptions as previous theories now suspect. These notions and theories are reviewed and an alternative is proposed. The systems oscillators theory presented here proposes that the BG is a network of sets of interconnected closed neural loops functioning as oscillators. Its unique physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms are explored.
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