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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
Published on: October 14, 2022
Balraj S Jhawar1, Demytra Mitsis, Neil Duggal
1Department of Neurosurgery, Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital, Windsor, Canada.
Incorrect-site surgery (ICSS) in neurosurgery is rare but occurs. Fatigue, time pressure, and emergent cases contribute to these errors. Prevention requires recognizing risk factors and using more intraoperative imaging.
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