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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
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Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
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The expanding RNA polymerase III transcriptome.

Giorgio Dieci1, Gloria Fiorino, Manuele Castelnuovo

  • 1Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy. giorgio.dieci@unipr.it

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

RNA polymerase (Pol) III transcribes more non-coding RNA genes than previously known. This expands our understanding of Pol III regulation and its role in gene expression and cellular functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA polymerase (Pol) III was traditionally associated with transcribing a limited set of housekeeping non-protein-coding (nc)RNA genes.
  • Recent research indicates a broader role for Pol III in eukaryotic transcription.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the expanded repertoire of Pol III-synthesized ncRNAs.
  • To emphasize the growing evidence for gene-specific Pol III regulation.
  • To introduce novel classes of Pol III transcripts with potential regulatory functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent transcriptomic studies identifying Pol III targets.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of novel ncRNA sequences and their predicted functions.
  • Comparative analysis of Pol III-dependent transcription across different cell types.

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous new Pol III-transcribed ncRNAs beyond canonical targets.
  • Discovery of ncRNAs, including small nucleolar RNAs, microRNAs, and tRNA-derived RNAs.
  • Characterization of novel ncRNA classes with sequence complementarity to protein-coding genes.

Conclusions:

  • Pol III transcription is more extensive and complex than previously understood.
  • Gene-specific regulation of Pol III is a significant aspect of transcriptional control.
  • The Pol III transcriptome and its regulatory mechanisms are crucial for cell physiology, development, and disease.