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Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
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Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
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Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
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Related Experiment Video

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Using Eggs from Schistosoma mansoni as an In vivo Model of Helminth-induced Lung Inflammation
09:58

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Published on: June 5, 2012

T regulatory cell levels decrease in people infected with Schistosoma mansoni on effective treatment.

Kanji Watanabe1, Pauline N M Mwinzi, Carla L Black

  • 1Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-3799, USA.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Schistosomiasis mansoni infection can increase regulatory T cells (Treg). Effective praziquantel treatment reduces Treg levels and alters their characteristics in patients with this parasitic disease.

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Published on: January 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Schistosomiasis mansoni is a chronic parasitic infection causing long-term antigen exposure.
  • Immunoregulatory mechanisms, including T regulatory cells (Treg), are implicated in managing disease and resistance.
  • Treg cells may play a role in controlling morbidity and dampening immunity to reinfection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the proportion and phenotype of circulating T regulatory cells (Treg) in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni.
  • To assess the impact of praziquantel treatment on Treg cell levels and characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze T cell populations, specifically CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD25(high) Treg cells.
  • Phenotypic analysis included CD45RO expression on Treg cells.
  • Comparison of Treg proportions in infected patients versus post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • Some Schistosomiasis mansoni patients exhibit elevated percentages of circulating CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD25(high) Treg cells.
  • Effective praziquantel treatment led to a decrease in these high Treg percentages.
  • Post-treatment, fewer Treg cells expressed CD45RO.
  • The proportion of Treg cells was inversely related to activated effector T cells (CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD25(medium)/HLA-DR(+)).

Conclusions:

  • Certain Schistosomiasis mansoni patients develop increased circulating Treg levels.
  • Antigen exposure from adult worms may drive Treg expansion.
  • Successful praziquantel treatment reduces Treg cell numbers and modifies their phenotypes, potentially restoring immune balance.