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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description01:30

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
07:54

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice

Published on: December 21, 2019

[A multiple myeloma case presenting with bilateral pleural involvement].

Sebnem Yosunkaya1, Emin Maden, Hatice Toy

  • 1Department of Chest Diseases, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.

Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Multiple myeloma (MM) rarely causes malignant pleural effusion, but this case showed bilateral involvement. Diagnosis was confirmed by pleural fluid analysis, including flow cytometry, even in patients without a prior MM diagnosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
07:54

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice

Published on: December 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy.
  • Pleural effusion is an uncommon manifestation of MM.
  • Malignant pleural effusions in MM are exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • This report details a rare case of bilateral myelomatous pleural effusion.
  • The patient presented with pleural involvement without a prior MM diagnosis.
  • Diagnostic methods included pleural fluid protein electrophoresis and cytology.

Findings:

  • Gammopathy and atypical plasma cells in pleural fluid confirmed myelomatous etiology.
  • Flow cytometry demonstrated IgG on the surface of CD-138 positive cells.
  • This finding is notable as MM-related effusions are often associated with IgA MM.

Implications:

  • Patients can present with pleural effusion as the initial sign of MM.
  • Bilateral pleural involvement can occur in myelomatous effusions.
  • Flow cytometry is a valuable tool for diagnosing myelomatous pleural effusion.