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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
06:36

Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants

Published on: April 15, 2020

The Lower Limb Amputee Measurement Scale: reliability and predictive validity.

Oren Cheifetz1, Mark Bayley, Sharon Grad

  • 1Amputee Rehabilitation Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Cheifetz@hhsc.ca

Prosthetics and Orthotics International
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The Lower Limb Extremity Amputee Measurement Scale (LLAMS) reliably predicts rehabilitation length of stay for lower limb amputees. This tool aids in managing patient flow and optimizing rehabilitation program access.

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Prosthetics and Orthotics

Background:

  • Predicting length of stay (LOS) for lower limb amputees is crucial for resource management in rehabilitation.
  • The Lower Limb Extremity Amputee Measurement Scale (LLAMS) was developed to aid in this prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the inter-rater reliability and predictive validity of the LLAMS.
  • To determine if LLAMS can accurately predict rehabilitation LOS for lower limb amputees.

Main Methods:

  • Inter-rater reliability was evaluated prospectively with five evaluators assessing 10 patients.
  • Predictive validity was assessed retrospectively by comparing LLAMS-predicted LOS to actual LOS in 147 patients.

Main Results:

  • LLAMS demonstrated very high inter-rater reliability (ICC [2,1] = 0.98).

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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  • A moderate positive correlation was found between predicted and actual LOS (r = 0.465, p < 0.01).
  • LLAMS effectively distinguished between patients requiring short versus long rehabilitation stays.

    • Conclusions:

    • The LLAMS is a reliable and valid tool for predicting rehabilitation LOS in lower limb amputees.
    • Integrating LLAMS into initial assessments improves LOS management and reduces patient wait times for rehabilitation.