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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...

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Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs
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Patterns of post-MI left ventricular volume changes - clinical implications.

Barbara Brzezińska1, Krystyna Loboz-Grudzień, Leszek Sokalski

  • 1Department of Cardiology, T. Marciniak Hospital. Wrocłar, Poland. barbarabrzezinska@hotmail.com.

Kardiologia Polska
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PubMed
Summary

Progressive left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction predicts adverse remodelling, heart failure, and cardiac death. Echocardiography identifies patients at high risk for adverse outcomes.

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Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

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Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs
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Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Left ventricular (LV) enlargement post-myocardial infarction (MI) is a key indicator of cardiac remodeling.
  • The extent of LV remodeling is influenced by infarct size and other factors.
  • LV remodeling patterns can be dynamic and are not always progressive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical significance of different LV volume change patterns over one year post-MI.
  • To identify early predictors of adverse cardiac remodeling following MI.
  • To assess the prognostic implications of LV volume changes using echocardiography.

Main Methods:

  • 132 patients with first ST-elevation MI (STEMI) underwent serial echocardiography.
  • Echocardiographic parameters included LV volumes, ejection fraction, sphericity, infarct expansion, and mitral flow patterns.
  • Patients were categorized into groups based on LV dilatation patterns (none, transient, progressive) at 6 months.

Main Results:

  • Progressive LV dilatation was associated with larger infarct size and infarct expansion.
  • One year post-MI, progressive LV dilatation correlated with reduced ejection fraction, increased LV sphericity, and higher rates of mitral regurgitation and restrictive mitral flow.
  • Progressive LV dilatation significantly increased the risk of heart failure (57%) and cardiac death (25%).

Conclusions:

  • Progression of LV dilatation within the first six months post-MI is a strong indicator of adverse remodeling, even without changes in LV ejection fraction.
  • Patients exhibiting progressive LV dilatation face substantially higher risks of heart failure and cardiac death within one year.
  • Elevated LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) at discharge is the most potent predictor of adverse postinfarction remodeling.