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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Flow Cytometry Purification of Mouse Meiotic Cells

Flow Cytometry Purification of Mouse Meiotic Cells

Published on: April 15, 2011

Coaxial flow system for chemical cytometry.

Paul J Marc¹, Christopher E Sims, Nancy L Allbritton

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.

Analytical Chemistry

|November 6, 2007

Summary

This study introduces a coaxial buffer exchange system to enhance the throughput of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for single-cell analysis. The new method improves the speed of analyzing cellular attributes using chemical cytometry.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a valuable bioanalytical tool for single-cell chemical cytometry.
Low throughput of CE hinders the analysis of single adherent cells.
Higher throughput methods are needed to increase the utility of CE-based cellular attribute evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and optimize a higher throughput CE-based chemical cytometry system for single adherent cells.
To integrate a coaxial buffer exchange system to increase the rate of serial cell analysis.
To demonstrate the utility of the improved system for cellular analysis.

Main Methods:

Integration of a coaxial buffer exchange system with CE.
Utilizing fluid flow through a tube coaxial to the separation capillary for buffer supply.
Optimizing system parameters: capillary-sheath positions, buffer flow velocities, and cell chamber design.
Serial lysis and capillary loading of rat basophilic leukemic cells.

Main Results:

Demonstrated serial analysis of 20 cells at a rate of 0.5 cells/min.
Living cells were not exposed to electrophoretic buffer prior to lysis.
Successful separation of cellular contents from lysed cells.

Conclusions:

The coaxial buffer exchange system significantly increases the throughput of CE-based chemical cytometry for single adherent cells.
This advancement enhances the utility of CE for evaluating cellular attributes.
The optimized system provides a more efficient method for single-cell bioanalysis.