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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Immunological Memory

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

Antigen Presenting Cells

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

Published on: April 5, 2024

AAV as an immunogen.

Luk H Vandenberghe¹, James M Wilson

¹Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Current Gene Therapy

|November 6, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) enable gene transfer, but immune responses can limit efficacy. This review examines factors influencing AAV immunogenicity and vector performance in gene therapy.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

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Published on: April 5, 2024

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A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins

Published on: June 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Gene Therapy
Immunology

Background:

In vivo adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) gene transfer has shown promise for stable transgene expression in various organs.
Technological advancements have led to first-in-human clinical trials for AAV-based therapies.
AAV generally evades immune surveillance, facilitating persistent gene delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review and discuss findings where AAV acts as an immunogen.
To explore the parameters influencing immunological responses to AAV gene transfer.
To address the scientific debate surrounding AAV immunogenicity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of experimental settings involving AAV gene transfer.
Analysis of factors affecting AAV immunogenicity.
Confrontation and discussion of conflicting findings.

Main Results:

AAV gene transfer typically results in stable expression by evading immune responses.
Immunological responses to AAV can compromise vector efficacy in specific experimental settings.
Factors influencing immunogenicity include pre-existing immunity, administration route, dose, serotype, APC transduction, host species, and transgene product.

Conclusions:

While AAV is often immunologically silent, understanding its immunogenicity is crucial for optimizing gene therapy.
Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AAV immune responses.
Identifying determinants of AAV immunogenicity will enhance the safety and efficacy of gene therapy applications.