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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

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Published on: May 9, 2025

Immune responses to gene-modified T cells.

Linda Mesler Muul¹, Fabio Candotti

¹Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1451, USA. muu11@mail.nih.gov

Current Gene Therapy

|November 6, 2007

Summary

Gene-modified T cell therapy faces immune rejection, hindering treatment effectiveness. This review explores strategies to overcome immune responses against therapeutic transgenes for better T cell gene therapy outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

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A GMP-Compliant Procedure for the Generation of Gene-Modified T cells

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Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Gene Therapy
Cell Therapy

Background:

Gene-modified T cells pioneered clinical gene transfer.
T cell gene therapy applications expanded to HIV and cancer.
Robust immune responses against modified T cells are a major challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To review immune responses elicited by gene-modified T cells.
To identify components of T cell gene therapy that trigger immunity.
To discuss strategies for minimizing these immune responses.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on T cell gene therapy.
Analysis of immune responses to culture conditions, vectors, and transgenes.
Identification of immune evasion strategies.

Main Results:

Immune responses, including antibody and cytotoxic reactions, impede transgene expression and persistence.
Specific components like culture conditions, vectors, and transgenes can elicit these responses.
Various strategies exist to mitigate immune interference.

Conclusions:

Overcoming immune responses is critical for successful T cell gene therapy.
Targeting culture conditions, vectors, and transgenes can reduce immunogenicity.
Further development of immune-modulating strategies is needed for therapeutic advancement.