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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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Tolerance induction by gene transfer to lymphocytes.

Jonathan Skupsky1, Yan Su, Tie-Chi Lei

  • 1Department of Surgery and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Current Gene Therapy
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel gene therapy using immunoglobulin-based delivery to induce immune tolerance. This approach shows promise for treating autoimmune diseases and improving outcomes in transplantation and gene therapy.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gene Therapy
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Maintaining immune tolerance is crucial to prevent harmful immune responses and autoimmunity.
  • Novel strategies are needed to re-induce tolerance for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an immunoglobulin-based gene therapy for inducing immune tolerance.
  • To explore its potential applications in autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and therapeutic protein responses.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning an immunogenic protein in-frame with an immunoglobulin heavy chain.
  • Delivering the construct via retrovirus to activated B cells.
  • Assessing the induction of tolerance to multiple epitopes and the stimulation of regulatory T cells.

Main Results:

  • The gene therapy approach successfully induced tolerance to multiple epitopes of the target protein.
  • It bypasses the need for specific epitope identification, overcoming HLA polymorphism challenges.
  • Tolerogenic B cells stimulated endogenous regulatory T cells, suppressing immune responses in hosts.

Conclusions:

  • The immunoglobulin-based gene therapy is a promising strategy for inducing immune tolerance.
  • This approach has significant potential for treating autoimmune diseases, improving transplantation success, and managing immune responses to therapies.
  • It offers a versatile platform for future clinical applications in immune-related disorders.