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Intranasal trigeminal function in children.

T Hummel1, N Roudnitzky, W Kempter

  • 1Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany. thummel@mail.zih.tu-dresden.de

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Children demonstrate well-developed trigeminal sensitivity, accurately localizing stimuli like eucalyptol (EUC). This intranasal trigeminal function improves with age, unlike responses to control stimuli such as phenylethyl alcohol (PEA).

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Physiology
  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science

Background:

  • The trigeminal nerve plays a crucial role in sensation, including responses to olfactory and somatosensory stimuli.
  • Understanding trigeminal function in children is essential for diagnosing sensory processing disorders and developmental conditions.
  • Previous research has not extensively detailed intranasal trigeminal sensitivity development across childhood and adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare trigeminal nerve function in children versus adults.
  • To assess the ability to localize intranasal stimuli as a measure of trigeminal sensitivity.
  • To determine the developmental trajectory of trigeminal sensitivity from childhood to adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • A lateralization task was employed, requiring participants to identify the side of stimulus presentation on the nose.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Eucalyptol (EUC), a mixed olfactory-trigeminal stimulant, and phenylethyl alcohol (PEA), a control with minimal trigeminal impact, were used.
  • Vibration sensitivity was assessed as a somatosensory control measure; 344 participants (aged 5-54 years) were included.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants could easily localize EUC, indicating functional trigeminal involvement, while PEA localization was not possible.
    • The ability to localize EUC significantly increased with age, suggesting developmental maturation of trigeminal sensitivity.
    • No sex-based differences were observed in odor localization, and PEA localization did not show age-related changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Intranasal trigeminal function is well-developed even in young children.
    • Trigeminal sensitivity, particularly to stimuli like EUC, shows significant improvement with increasing age.
    • The findings provide normative data for intranasal trigeminal function in pediatric populations.