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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos
Published on: July 21, 2021
Grass carp transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1): molecular cloning, tissue distribution and
1School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a potent regulatory cytokine with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. To examine the role of TGF-beta 1 in fish immunity, the full-length cDNA of grass carp TGF-beta 1 was isolated from grass carp spleen. The open reading frame of grass carp TGF-beta1, 1134 bp in length, encodes a 377 amino acid protein. Tissue distribution study by RT-PCR showed TGF-beta 1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the thymus, head kidney and spleen in grass carp tissues. Moreover, the time-course effect of TGF-beta 1 on peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens was evaluated in grass carp. Interestingly, TGF-beta1 induced PBL proliferation while it significantly blocked phytohemagglutinin- or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PBL proliferation, and TGF-beta 1 mimicked the stimulatory effects of lipopolysaccharide on grass carp MHC I mRNA expression. These results, for the first time, strongly suggest that TGF-beta 1 plays a functional role in lymphocyte proliferation in fish.
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