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Related Concept Videos

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...
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Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
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Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...

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Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
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Published on: January 19, 2018

Detecting and managing fisheries-induced evolution.

Anna Kuparinen1, Juha Merilä

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, PO Box 68, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. anna.kuparinen@helsinki.fi

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Fisheries can alter fish evolution, causing them to mature earlier and smaller. Managing fisheries requires understanding these evolutionary impacts and environmental factors for sustainable fish stocks.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Fisheries science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Exploited fish populations exhibit evolutionary changes in life history traits.
  • Fisheries targeting large fish select for early maturation at smaller sizes, potentially reducing fecundity and yield.
  • Distinguishing environmental from genetic causes of these phenotypic shifts is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on phenotypic shifts in exploited fish populations.
  • To explore strategies for minimizing fisheries-induced evolution.
  • To highlight the need for integrated approaches in fisheries management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on fisheries-induced evolution.
  • Analysis of case studies on phenotypic shifts in exploited fish stocks.
  • Synthesis of ecological and genetic factors influencing fisheries management.

Main Results:

  • Phenotypic shifts, such as earlier maturation, are observed in exploited fish stocks.
  • Fisheries-induced evolution is influenced by species-specific traits and ecological processes.
  • Effective management requires monitoring population genetics and environmental conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Fisheries-induced evolution poses a challenge to sustainable fisheries management.
  • Minimizing negative evolutionary impacts requires adaptive strategies.
  • Integrated approaches combining ecological understanding, genetic monitoring, and environmental awareness are crucial for effective fish stock management.