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Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery: a minireview

Jo Vandervoort1, Annick Ludwig

  • 1Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Jo.vandervoort@ua.ac.be

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|November 6, 2007
PubMed

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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