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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

The spindle checkpoint in Xenopus laevis.

Rey-Huei Chen1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. rhchen@imb.sinica.edu.tw

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation. Studies in Xenopus laevis egg extracts reveal key insights into this evolutionarily conserved mechanism, particularly focusing on phosphorylation-dependent regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The spindle checkpoint is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation in eukaryotic cells.
  • It prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are correctly attached to spindle microtubules.
  • Understanding this conserved mechanism is vital for cell division fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of spindle checkpoint research.
  • To highlight the contributions of Xenopus laevis egg extracts to the field.
  • To focus on the role of phosphorylation in spindle checkpoint regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analysis using cytoplasmic extracts from Xenopus laevis eggs.
  • Comparative studies across various experimental systems.

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Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

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Xenopus laevis Egg Extract Preparation and Live Imaging Methods for Visualizing Dynamic Cytoplasmic Organization
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Xenopus laevis Egg Extract Preparation and Live Imaging Methods for Visualizing Dynamic Cytoplasmic Organization

Published on: June 6, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts
10:55

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: November 5, 2012

Xenopus laevis Egg Extract Preparation and Live Imaging Methods for Visualizing Dynamic Cytoplasmic Organization
05:58

Xenopus laevis Egg Extract Preparation and Live Imaging Methods for Visualizing Dynamic Cytoplasmic Organization

Published on: June 6, 2021

  • Review of existing literature on spindle checkpoint mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Xenopus laevis egg extracts are a powerful system for studying spindle checkpoint biochemistry.
    • Significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms.
    • Phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulating checkpoint activity.

    Conclusions:

    • The spindle checkpoint is essential for preventing aneuploidy.
    • Xenopus laevis research has greatly advanced our understanding of this process.
    • Further investigation into phosphorylation is key to fully understanding spindle checkpoint control.