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Related Experiment Videos

Oxygen-binding haem proteins.

Michael T Wilson1, Brandon J Reeder

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK. wilsmt@essex.ac.uk

Experimental Physiology
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Myoglobin and haemoglobin are ancient proteins with diverse functions beyond oxygen transport, including enzymatic activities and roles in cellular signaling and stress responses. Recent discoveries reveal new globin types with specialized functions across the animal kingdom.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Myoglobin and haemoglobin are ancient haem-associated globin proteins found in various organisms.
  • They share structural, spectral, and functional characteristics, including ligand binding (O2, CO, NO) and redox changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diverse functions of myoglobin and haemoglobin beyond their traditional roles.
  • To discuss the enzymatic activities of these proteins and their implications.
  • To introduce newly discovered hexacoordinate globins (neuroglobins, cytoglobins) and their potential functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on globin protein functions.
  • Analysis of structural and spectral features of haem-associated globins.

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  • Discussion of in vivo roles and biochemical properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Haemoglobin's primary role is oxygen delivery, but it has other functions.
    • Myoglobin's role as an oxygen storage protein may be a misconception.
    • Haemoglobin and myoglobin possess enzymatic activities (e.g., NO dioxygenase, peroxidatic).
    • Newly discovered globins (neuroglobins, cytoglobins) have specialized roles in oxygen sensing, signaling, and stress protection.

    Conclusions:

    • Globin proteins exhibit a wider range of functions than previously understood.
    • Enzymatic activities of myoglobin and haemoglobin are crucial for their roles and pathophysiology.
    • Novel globins contribute to cellular O2 homeostasis, sensing, signaling, and protection against oxidative stress.