Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential cytokine architecture in patients treated with CART19 versus CART22.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

Aberrant STAT signaling and T cell dysregulation define a targetable pediatric sepsis endotype.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

T cell dysregulation and remodeling in pediatric obesity and weight loss.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A spatially coordinated keratinocyte-fibroblast circuit recruits MMP9<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells to drive type I interferon-driven inflammation in photosensitive autoimmunity.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Damaged glomeruli in proliferative pediatric lupus nephritis exhibit a C5a-C5aR1 induced fibrotic transcriptional program.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

CD8 TRM-like T cells expressing perforin and IFN-γ define a pediatric activated T-cell acute liver failure endotype.

Hepatology communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 15, 2013

IL-4 suppresses dendritic cell response to type I interferons.

Uma Sriram1, Chhanda Biswas, Edward M Behrens

  • 1Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) suppresses the anti-viral functions of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) by inhibiting their response to type I interferons (IFNs). This impaired DC function may increase susceptibility to viral infections.

More Related Videos

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
06:12

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

Published on: March 7, 2022

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 15, 2013

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
06:12

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

Published on: March 7, 2022

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for immune responses, modulated by cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4).
  • Type I IFNs activate DCs for anti-viral immunity, while IL-4 is a key Th2 cytokine.
  • Interactions between type I IFNs and IL-4 significantly impact DC function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how IL-4 influences the function of myeloid DCs in response to type I IFNs.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which IL-4 modulates type I IFN signaling in DCs.
  • To understand the implications of this interaction for anti-viral immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of myeloid DCs with type I IFNs (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) and IL-4 in vitro and in vivo.
  • Analysis of MHC and costimulatory molecule expression.
  • Measurement of cytokine and anti-viral gene production (e.g., IL-6, IL-15, Mx-1).
  • Investigation of STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation and gene up-regulation (e.g., IRF-7, STAT1, STAT2, IFN-beta, IFNARs).

Main Results:

  • Type I IFNs (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) induced a costimulatory profile in myeloid DCs.
  • IL-4 suppressed the response of myeloid DCs to type I IFNs, impairing molecule up-regulation and cytokine production.
  • IL-4 inhibited STAT1/STAT2 phosphorylation and the up-regulation of key IFN-response amplification genes.
  • IL-4 reduced the ability of DCs to sustain the positive feedback loop of type I IFN signaling.

Conclusions:

  • IL-4 significantly diminishes the responsiveness of myeloid DCs to type I IFNs.
  • This suppression impairs the amplification of type I IFN signaling, reducing DC potency.
  • The findings suggest a mechanism for increased viral susceptibility during Th2-skewed conditions, such as parasitic infections.