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Memory CD8+ T cells require CD28 costimulation.

Annie B Borowski1, Alina C Boesteanu, Yvonne M Mueller

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
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Memory CD8(+) T cells need CD28 costimulation for effective reactivation during viral infections. This finding challenges existing immunology paradigms and impacts vaccine strategies against pathogens and tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • CD8(+) T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity against infections and tumors.
  • Current understanding suggests naive CD8(+) T cells require CD28 costimulation, but memory cells do not.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD28 costimulation in memory CD8(+) T cell reactivation during in vivo viral infections.
  • To challenge the established immunological dogma regarding memory CD8(+) T cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo studies using mouse models of influenza A and HSV infections.
  • Analysis of CD8(+) T cell expansion, viral clearance, Bcl-2 expression, and cell cycle progression.
  • Assessment of CD4(+) T cell help independence.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • CD28 costimulation is essential for memory CD8(+) T cell reactivation during viral infections.
  • Absence of CD28 leads to reduced secondary T cell responses, impaired viral clearance, and cell cycle arrest.
  • The requirement for CD28 is independent of CD4(+) T cell help.

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to current dogma, memory CD8(+) T cells require CD28 costimulation for optimal secondary responses against pathogens.
  • Findings have implications for understanding immune evasion by pathogens like HIV and tumors.
  • Raises questions about the efficacy of CD8(+) T cell-based vaccines in contexts lacking CD28 costimulation.