Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
06:27
Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
Published on: May 6, 2013
Type 1 diabetes as a relapsing-remitting disease?
Matthias von Herrath1, Srinath Sanda, Kevan Herold
1La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. matthias@liai.org
Nature Reviews. Immunology
|November 6, 2007
Summary
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) development may involve relapsing-remitting immune processes, similar to other chronic autoimmune diseases. Understanding this pattern is crucial for future T1D research and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Autoimmunity
Background:
- Chronic immunological conditions, like multiple sclerosis, often exhibit relapsing-remitting patterns.
- Beta-cell mass loss in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is progressive but its underlying immune kinetics remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose that the immune processes driving T1D are relapsing-remitting.
- To explore the implications of this hypothesis for T1D pathogenesis and treatment.
Main Methods:
- This study is primarily a hypothesis-driven discussion.
- It synthesizes existing knowledge on autoimmune disease kinetics and T1D pathophysiology.
Main Results:
- The proposed relapsing-remitting nature of T1D autoimmunity offers a new framework for understanding disease progression.
- This perspective may resolve existing controversies regarding T1D development.
Conclusions:
- The immunological underpinnings of T1D may follow a relapsing-remitting course, mirroring other chronic autoimmune disorders.
- This hypothesis has significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting the immune system in T1D.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Type I Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
01:19Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...