17-beta-estradiol affects nuclear image properties in MCF-10F human breast epithelial cells with tumorigenesis

Treatment of the human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F with 17-beta-estradiol (E2) induces transformation and tumorigenesis. E2-transformed MCF-10F cells are known to exhibit progressive loss of ductulogenesis, and invasive and tumorigenic phenotypes. Although DNA amounts and chromatin supraorganization change in E2-transformed MCF cells, no comparative study has yet been undertaken in the resulting cells selected for aggressive invasiveness (C5) and tumor generation in a heterologous host. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether changes in Feulgen-DNA content and chromatin supraorganization are involved during E2-induced transformation and tumorigenesis of the MCF-10F cells. Image analysis was performed for nontransformed and E2-transformed MCF cells, highly invasive cells (C5), and for cell lines (C5-A6-T6 and C5-A8-T8) derived from tumors generated by injection of C5 cells in SCID mice. A decrease in Feulgen-DNA amounts and nuclear sizes induced by E2 treatment was accented with selection of the highly invasive tumorigenesis potential. However, in the tumor-derived cells a high variability in cellular phenotypes resulted inclusively in near-polyploidy. Significant changes in textural parameters, including nuclear entropy, indicated chromatin structural remodeling with advancing tumorigenesis. An increased variability in the degree of chromatin packing states in the E2-transformed MCF cells is followed by reduction in chromatin condensation and in contrast between condensed and noncondensed chromatin in the highly invasive C5 cells and tumor-derived cell lines. Studies on epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation and/or the histone code would contribute to a better interpretation of the chromatin supraorganization changes reported herein.