Immunizations in HIV-infected adults

The incidence or severity of certain vaccine-preventable diseases is higher in HIV-infected individuals. However, immune responses to vaccination may be diminished, particularly in those with severe immunosuppression. Higher doses of vaccine, more frequent boosters, or revaccination after antiretroviral therapy-induced immune reconstitution are strategies to be considered for patients in certain circumstances. In addition, some vaccines may be harmful when given to severely immunocompromised patients. The challenge for healthcare providers is assessing the safety and effectiveness of vaccines for HIV-infected patients, especially when information on vaccines has not been fully characterized in the HIV-setting. This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge about immunizations for HIV-adults. The efficacy and safety of current vaccines, their current indications in HIV-infected adults, and the strategies aimed to enhance their results are discussed.