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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

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Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
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Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

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Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Tracking antigen specific CD4+ T-cells with soluble MHC molecules.

John A Gebe1, William W Kwok

  • 1Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
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Summary

Soluble MHC multimer technology enables direct identification and phenotyping of antigen-specific T cells. This method details generating non-covalently bound peptide MHC-multimers in insect cells for T-cell research.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Soluble MHC multimer technology facilitates direct identification of antigen-specific T cells via flow cytometry.
  • This technique aids in phenotyping and cloning T cells, advancing understanding of T-cell immunity in various disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a method for generating recombinant non-covalently bound peptide MHC-multimers.
  • To enable the investigation of multiple MHC-binding peptides and their cognate T cells using a single MHC construct.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of recombinant MHC multimers in insect cells.
  • Utilizing non-covalently bound peptide-MHC complexes.
  • Formation of tetravalent MHC multimer complexes using a streptavidin scaffold.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of recombinant non-covalently bound peptide MHC-multimers.
  • Demonstration of a versatile method for T-cell repertoire analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant non-covalently bound peptide MHC-multimers offer a flexible approach for studying T-cell responses.
  • This method enhances the characterization of T-cell immunity in infectious, cancerous, and autoimmune conditions.