Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments02:36

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isotopologues of the NeHCl complex observed by chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Overset-Grid Method with Smooth Orbital Partitioning for Molecular Scattering Calculations.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2025
Same author

Chronic Styrene Exposure Causes Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Hippocampal Memory Dysfunction via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Molecular neurobiology·2025
Same author

Probing autoionization decay lifetimes of the 4d-16ℓ core-excited states in xenon using attosecond noncollinear four-wave-mixing spectroscopy.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Intestinal inflammation and microbiota modulation impact cochlear function: emerging insights in gut-ear axis.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS·2025
Same author

Ethane Molecular Energy Relaxation in High-Pressure Rare Gases.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Microwave-based structure and four-dimensional morphed intermolecular potential for HI-CO(2).

Wolfgang Jabs1, Fabrice F Willaert, Blake A McElmurry

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|November 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The study investigated the hydrogen iodide-carbon dioxide (HI-CO2) complex using microwave spectroscopy. Researchers mapped its intermolecular potential energy surface, revealing two stable structures crucial for understanding photoinitiated reactions.

More Related Videos

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding intermolecular interactions is key to predicting chemical reactivity.
  • Hydrogen-bonded complexes provide insights into non-covalent forces.
  • Previous studies on HI-CO2 were limited in characterizing its potential energy surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the molecular parameters of four HI-CO2 isotopologues.
  • To computationally generate a four-dimensional intermolecular potential energy surface for HI-CO2.
  • To characterize the stable structures and energy landscape of the HI-CO2 complex.

Main Methods:

  • Pulsed-nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy was employed to record spectra.
  • Ab initio calculations were performed to obtain initial potential energy surface data.
  • The experimental data was used to morph and refine the ab initio potential energy surface.

Main Results:

  • Rotational, centrifugal distortion, and quadrupole constants were determined for four HI-CO2 isotopologues.
  • A refined four-dimensional intermolecular potential energy surface was generated.
  • Two equivalent global minima corresponding to quasi-T-shaped structures were identified, with well depths of 457(14) cm⁻¹ and 405(14) cm⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • The ground state structure of HI-CO2 is planar and quasi-T-shaped.
  • The refined potential energy surface accurately reflects experimental observations.
  • The generated potential is suitable for future studies on the dynamics of photoinitiated reactions involving HI-CO2.