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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis
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Brain type carnosinase in dementia: a pilot study.

Cynthia M Balion1, Carolyn Benson, Parminder S Raina

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. balion@hhsc.ca

BMC Neurology
|November 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Serum carnosinase activity may serve as a biomarker for dementia. This study found altered carnosinase levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia, suggesting its potential role in neuropathophysiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Dementia pathogenesis and reliable biomarkers remain poorly understood.
  • Carnosinase, a brain and serum dipeptidase, and its substrate carnosine are implicated in neuropathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum carnosinase activity as a potential biomarker in dementia.
  • To compare carnosinase levels in non-demented individuals, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mixed dementia (MD) patients.

Main Methods:

  • Serum carnosinase activity was measured using a fluorometric method.
  • 37 geriatric outpatients were analyzed: 17 without dementia, 13 with AD, and 7 with MD.

Main Results:

  • Serum carnosinase activity did not differ between non-demented and AD patients, but was significantly lower in MD patients compared to AD patients.
  • MD patients showed decreasing carnosinase activity with disease duration, unlike AD patients.
  • Higher carnosinase activity was observed in dementia patients taking medication and in those who regularly exercised.

Conclusions:

  • This exploratory study indicates altered serum carnosinase activity in dementia patients.
  • Carnosinase may represent a potential biomarker for specific dementia types.